[热点专题] 津巴布韦总统穆加贝简介
The Introduction of President Mugabe
President of Zimbabwe
Incumbent
Assumed office
31 December 1987
Vice President Joseph Msika
Joice Mujuru
Preceded by Canaan Banana
Born 21 February 1924 (1924-02-21) (age 84)
Kutama, Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia
Political party ZANU-PF
Spouse Sally Hayfron (deceased)
Grace Marufu
Alma mater University of Fort Hare
University of London
University of South Africa
Religion Lapsed Catholic
Robert Gabriel Mugabe (born on February 21, 1924) is the de facto President of Zimbabwe. He has served as the head of government since 1980, as Prime Minister from 1980 to 1987 and as the first executive President since 1987.Mugabe is an outspoken, controversial and polarizing figure. His relationship with the former colonial power, the United Kingdom, has been particularly contentious; he is characterized as a violent dictator in the British press, and he in turn denounces the British establishment as inveterate colonialists. Since the run-off election of 2008 his legitimacy as president has been called into question; the G8 nations released a statement on 8th July branding his regime illegitimate.
He rose to prominence in the 1960s as the Secretary general of the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU). For many years in the 60s and 70s Mugabe was a political prisoner in Rhodesia. His goal was to replace white minority-rule with a one-party Marxist regime.[3] He left Rhodesia in 1976 to join the Zimbabwe Liberation Struggle (Rhodesian Bush War) from bases in Mozambique. The war ended in 1979, emerging from this conflict, Mugabe was hailed by Africans as a hero.He won the general elections of 1980, the first in which the majority black Africans participated, amid reports of violent intimidation by the militant freedom fighters he now controlled. Mugabe then became the first Prime Minister of black-ruled Zimbabwe after calling for reconciliation between formerly warring parties, including the white people as well as rival parties.
The early years of Mugabe's rule saw killings targeting the Ndebele tribe in the Matabeleland and Midlands areas of Zimbabwe. Since 1998 Mugabe's policies have increasingly elicited domestic and international denunciation. His government pursued a costly intervention in the Second Congo War, expropriated thousands of white-owned farms, printed hundreds of trillions of Zimbabwean dollars triggering hyperinflation,and has been accused of harassing and intimidating political opponents, particularly members of the Movement for Democratic Change.Zimbabwe's economy spiraled downward, with food and oil shortages,[9] and with massive internal displacement and emigration. During this period Mugabe's policies have been denounced in the West and at home as racist against Zimbabwe's white minority.Mugabe has described his critics as "born again colonialists", and both he and his supporters claim Zimbabwe's problems are the legacy of imperialism, aggravated by Western economic meddling.
Mugabe lost the first round of the 2008 election to opposition leader Morgan Tsvangirai, 43% to 48%, though neither candidate secured the 50% necessary to avoid a runoff election. The MDC claimed that the official results had been altered to force a run-off vote, since their returns suggested that Tsvangirai had received 50,3% of the vote.
