基因功能研究新方法(1)【沪江慢速VOA10-22】

Of 'Knockout' Mice and the Men Who Developed Them(1/2)

This year's Nobel Prize in medicine will go to three researchers who found a way to learn about the duties of individual genes. They discovered how to inactivate, or knock out, single genes in laboratory animals. The result is known as "knockout mice."

The Karolinska Institute named the winners last week. Two Americans, Mario Capecchi and Oliver Smithies, will share the one and one-half million dollar prize with Martin Evans of Britain. They will receive what is officially called the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine at a ceremony in Stockholm, Sweden, on December tenth.

In the nineteen eighties, Mario Capecchi and Oliver Smithies both studied cells in mice to find how to target individual genes for changes. But the kinds of cells they independently studied could not be used to create gene-targeted animals.

Martin Evans had the solution. He developed embryonic stem cells that could produce mice that carried new genetic material.The research greatly expanded knowledge about embryonic development as well as aging and disease. It led to a new technology -- gene targeting. And this has already produced five hundred mouse models of human conditions.

参考译文：

今年诺贝尔医学奖将由三位找到研究单基因功能方法的研究者获得。他们发现了如何在实验动物上对单基因进行失活或敲除，得到所谓的“敲除小鼠”。

卡罗林斯卡医学院于上周宣布了获奖者。两位美国人马里奥•卡佩基和奥利弗•史密斯，将与英国人马丁•埃文斯分享150万美元的奖金。三人将于12月10日在瑞典斯德哥尔摩的颁奖仪式上接受奖项，该奖的正式名称是诺贝尔生理或医学奖。

在上世纪八十年代，马里奥•卡佩基和奥利弗•史密斯研究小鼠细胞，寻求怎样以单基因为靶点进行改变。但是他们各自所研究的细胞类型不能用来培育基因靶向动物。

马丁•埃文斯提出了解决方法。他发展了胚胎干细胞，此类细胞能够产生携带新遗传物质的小鼠。该项研究大大扩展了我们对于胚胎发育以及衰老和疾病的认识。并诞生了一门新技术――基因靶向。应用该技术已经获得500个带有人类（疾病）状况的小鼠模型。

 

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