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Step 1 单词都在文中标出了，大家发挥一下想象和推理能力，猜猜那些生词都是什么意思吧。阅读中非常需要这种猜测推理能力的哦。
A noble gangster
There was a time when the owners of shops and businesses in Chicago had to pay large sums of money to gangsters in return for ‘protection’. If the money was not paid promptly, the gangsters would quickly put a man out of business by destroying his shop. Obtaining ‘protection money’ is not a modern crime. As long age as the fourteenth century, an Englishman, Sir John Hawkwood, made the remarkable discovery that people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters.
Six hundred years ago, Sir John Hawkwood arrived in Italy with a band of soldiers and settled near Florence. He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to the Italians as Giovanni Acuto. Whenever the Italian city-states were at war with each other, Hawkwood used to hire his soldiers to princes who were willing to pay the high price he demanded. In times of peace, when business was had, Hawkwood and his men would march into a city-state and, after burning down a few farms, would offer to go away if protection money was paid to them. Hawkwood made large sums of money in this way. In spite of this, the Italians regarded him as a sort of hero. When he died at the age of eighty, the Florentines gave him a state funeral and had a picture painted which was dedicated to the memory of ‘the most valiant soldier and most notable leader, Signor Giovanni Haukodue’.
Step 2词汇的意思都在这里了哦。看看你都猜对了么.
Step 3 特别的单词总是要特别的待遇，下面的单词最好记住，有空多练习。
1. gangster n.歹徒，强盗
典型范例
gangster films 警匪片
联想记忆
robber 抢劫犯
mugger 户外行凶抢劫犯
pickpocket 扒手
2. band n.帮，团伙
典型范例
a band of kidnappers 一帮绑匪
联想记忆
a bunch of thugs 一群暴徒
a nest of bandits 一窝土匪
3. protection n.保护
链接词汇 protect n.保护
protect sb./sth. against/from sth. 保护，防御
You need warm clothes to protect you against the cold.你需要穿暖和些，以免着凉。
联想记忆
keep sb. from sth. (fml):protect … from 保护或保佑某人
She prayed to God to keep her son from harm.她祈祷上帝保佑儿子平安。
guard sb./sth. against sth. 防御，保卫，守卫
Soldiers have been called in to guard the embassy against further attacks.
已调集士兵保卫使馆，以免再遭袭击。
shelter sb./sth. from sth. 保护，庇护
The overhanging roof sheltered us from the rain. 伸出来的屋顶使我们避雨。
He sheltered her from gossip. 他保护她免受流言蜚语的伤害。
4. promptly adv. immediately,instantly,swiftly 准时地,及时地,迅速地
典型范例
He replied promptly to my letter. 他迅速地给我回了信。
链接词汇
prompt adv. punctually, sharp 准时地，整（指时间）
5. destroy v. 毁掉，消灭
典型范例
The flood destroyed their home town.洪水摧毁了他们的家园.
同义辨析 destroy, damage, ruin, spoil, wreck
destroy 指剧烈地破坏，彻底消灭。例：
destroy a house/city/sb.’s hope/reputation 摧毁房屋/城市/某人的希望/名誉
damage 指部分地损坏，尤指外部损坏。例：
damage a car/furniture/sb.’s relations 损坏汽车/家具/某人的关系
ruin 指彻底地毁坏某计划、身体等，一般不指具体建筑物的破坏。例：
A thunder storm ruined our picnic.雷雨破坏了我们的野餐计划。
He has ruined his health through drinking.他饮酒过度，搞坏了身体。
spoil 毁掉，宠坏。例：
spoil a plan/holiday/the pleasure/children 毁坏计划/假日/扫了兴/宠坏了孩子
wreck 指因冲击而使事物“毁坏，毁灭”，尤指火车、船只遭暴风雨而被“毁坏”，也可指希望、计划等被“毁灭”。例：
wreck cars/ships/plans/one’s hope 毁坏汽车/船/计划/希望
The ship was wrecked on a sunken rock. 此船触礁沉没。
6. remarkable adj.不寻常的
固定搭配
be remarkable for 因……而引人注意，（某一点）很突出
She is remarkable for her sweet temper. 她突出的特点是性情温和。
7. hire v. ①租出（进）②雇佣（通常指短期雇佣体力劳动者）
Does this firm hire out cars?
这家公司出租小车吗？
同义辨析 rent,hire,employ,engage,take on
rent v.租出（进），例：
We rented a room from Mrs.Wang.(Mrs.Wang rented a room to us.)我们向王太太租了一间房子。
hire 除表示租进，租出外还有雇佣之意。
He is hired by a small company.他受雇于一家小公司。
employ v.雇佣（通常用于长期雇佣或聘请脑力劳动者），例：
We employed him as an adviser.我们聘请他当顾问。
engage v.雇佣（通常用于声誉较高的职务，如教师，律师等），例：
We engaged her as an interpreter.我们聘请她做翻译。
take on 雇佣（用语口语），例：
She was taken on as a graduate trainee.她毕业后被雇佣为见习生。
Step4 讲解看再多还不如自己动手一练。
1. His __________ payment of bills has given him a good reputation.
a. immediate b. promote c. prompt
2. Being efficient and warm-hearted ,she did her work _____ well.
a. notably b. promptly c. remarkably
3. He is wasting his time joining that _____; all they do is to get into troble.
a. band b. gang c. circle
4. The old woman gave the tramp a nice dinner, and ____ for her kindness, the tramp mended the fence for her.
a. as a payment b. in return c. to thank
5. He _______ a name for himself in the small town by helping anyone who was in troble.
a. came to be known b. made a name for c. won a reputation
6.A sculpture was made in honour of the _____ policeman.
a. affectionate b. valiant c. honouring
7.The monument in the town center was dedicated to the _____ of the men who died in the war.
a. souvenir b. memory c. remembrance
8.The latest increase in local taxes finally put the man out of _____.
a. business b. trade c. occupation
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