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There is only one story in the European press this week – the turmoil that has engulfed world markets.

A few weeks ago everyone was talking about the credit crunch. This rather cosy term has now been replaced in the press by ‘financial crisis’, reflecting the broadening and deepening of the emergency.

As stock markets opened on Monday, shares plummeted across the world. On Tuesday, US stocks hit their lowest levels in five years, while Japan's Nikkei closed down 952.58 points, or 9.4%. Hong Kong's Hang Seng index closed 6.2% lower and markets in Australia, China and Taiwan all fell.

he sharp downturn in the markets has continued despite massive government interventions in the banking system.

On Saturday, the US Congress finally passed a $700bn (4.7 trillion Yuan) bail-out plan. The US government will buy the bad mortgage debts which triggered the crisis in exchange for a stake in the banks they rescue.

On Monday, the entire economy of Iceland came precariously close to bankruptcy. The government introduced emergency legislation to allow them to effectively run banks’ operations.

Today it was the British government’s turn, offering banks that are interested a slice of £50bn (596 billion Yuan) in exchange for a stake. It is also offering loans of up to £250bn (2.98 trillion Yuan) which banks can use for a fee. Banks won’t lend to one another at the moment, so the hope is that this measure will increase liquidity – get money flowing again.

This is vital since the ripples of the credit crisis are already reaching smaller businesses, who have seen their interest rates on loans increase. Consumer confidence is also down, affecting sales on the high street.

If the plans work and banks in the UK and US recover, tax-payers in both countries could make a profit from their governments’ interventions. If the plans fail, the banking system will simply collapse.

Either way, we should be prepared for another escalation in language, as the ‘financial crisis’ perhaps becomes a ‘severe economic recession’.

GLOSSARY 词汇表 (收听发音, 请移到小喇叭上)  

turmoil 动荡

engulfed 吞没/把…卷入旋涡

cosy 舒适的/容易的

financial crisis 金融危机

plummeted 暴跌

stocks 股价

downturn 下滑

interventions 干预

bail-out 应急措施

triggered 引发

stake 股份/股本

precariously 危险的

bankruptcy 破产

emergency legislation 紧急立法

effectively 实际上

ripples 震荡/波及

consumer confidence 消费者信心

the high street 商业街，销售行业

escalation 加剧

recession 萧条

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